RESEARCH

(I) PAST RESEARCH INTERESTS

1. Study of the parameters for assessment of myocardial reperfusion following thrombolytic therapy using continuous ST monitoring and rapid cardiac enzymes assessment.

2. Percutaneous cardiopulmonary bypass supported coronary angioplasty – A pilot study on the use of percutaneous cardiopulmonary bypass system in supported coronary angioplasty at the National University Hospital.

   Project I:
   The use of percutaneous CPS in supported coronary angioplasty for patients with cardiogenic shock in acute myocardial infarction.

   Project II:
   The use of percutaneous CPS in high risk patients undergoing percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty.

3. Study on excimer laser coronary angioplasty (ELCA) at the National University Hospital.

4. Studies on the clinical applications of intraluminal real-time ultrasonic imaging on the peripheral and coronary artery systems in health and disease.

5. Coronary stenting at the National University Hospital

   A study to look at the results on primary success and restenosis rates of coronary arterial stenting/angioplasty versus balloon angioplasty.  (Project under collaboration with Dr Richard Schatz from USA).

6. Potential use of I/V esmolol (ultrashort acting beta-blocker) in coronary artery disease (unstable angina/acute myocardial infarction) and supraventricular tachyarrhythmias.

(II) CURRENT RESEARCH INTERESTS

1. Advancement in the field of coronary intervention (e.g. new stent technology – i.e. bioabsorbable scaffolding, dissolvable metabolic stents, specialised stents for complex coronary intervention, etc).

2. Treatment and management of acute myocardial infarction and acute coronary syndromes – drugs, coronary intervention, protection devices, etc.

3. Mechanism for atherosclerosis of plaque prevention/progression/regression/stabilisation.

4. Statins and non-statin therapies for hyperlipidemia (including PCSK9 and newer anti-lipid therapies).

5. Lifestyle enhancement and modification programs in the primary prevention of coronary artery disease, lipid and hypertension management in particular with a view of total and global intervention of atherosclerosis.

6. Role of angiogenesis, stem cell transplantation and gene therapy in cardiovascular disease.

7. Advance in treatment of heart failure, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes and obesity

8. Developing multispecialty interventional vascular therapy programs involving coronary, carotid, peripheral and renal vascular systems.

PROJECTS/TRIALS

1. Laser-assisted percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and the use of laser in vascular surgery. (GRO5677B)

2. Laser angioplasty – experimental studies and clinical applications. (GRO5675L)

3. Signal-averaged electrocardiography in ischaemic heart disease and cardiomyopathy. (GRO5662A)

4. Doppler colour flow mapping and 2-dimensional echocardiographic abnormalities in valvular and congenital heart disease and infective endocarditis. (GRO5661M)

5. Role of intravenous nifedipine in acute myocardial infarction – limitation of infarcts size and in unstable angina.

6. The use of cliazapril (ACE inhibitor) in the control of hypertension in the various ethnic population in Singapore. (Study funded by Roche).

7. The role of Trimetazidine (vasteral) in percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) – To study the anti-ischaemic properties of Trimetazidine before and after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty.

8. Study of the predictors of restenosis following percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty using clinical features, cardiac enzymes, 12-lead ECG, 24-hour Holter monitoring and continuous 12-lead ST-segment monitoring and comparing these parameters to coronary angiography performed 24 hours after the angioplasty.

9. A study on cicletanine (prostacyclin stimulator) on hypertension and atheroma regression.

10. The use of facsimile machine in CCU, cardiothoracic ICU and Emergency Department in the management of acute myocardial infarction and cardiac arrhythmias.

11. Study of the correlation between lipoproteins and patients undergoing percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty to look for predictors of restenosis.

12. Comparison of cardiac catheterisation, digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the evaluation of coronary artery bypass grafts.

13. A multicentre study to evaluate the safety and tolerability of Tirofiban in patients undergoing intracoronary stent placement (MSD).

14. Validation of Central Aortic Systolic Pressure (CASP) derived from radial artery wave forms by comparison with direct measure of Aortic root pressure at cardiac catheterization (Healthstats).

PUBLICATIONS

Refereed Journals – International

1. P Yan, A Broughton, RW Harper, A Hains, A Pitt
   Arrhythmia aggravation and anteroseptal myocardial infarction followin attempted electrical ablation of posterior facicular ventricular tachycardia (VT)
   PACE – Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, USA, 1985; 8: 790.

2. P Yan, A Broughton, RW Harper, J Federman, A Pitt
   Ventricular tachycardia without structural heart disease: Two sites of origin
   PACE, USA, 1987; 8: 790.

3. P Yan, BL Chia, M Choo, B Ee
   Right-sided infective endocarditis – A Singapore experience
   The Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand 35th Annual Scientific Meeting, August 2-5 1987, Melbourne, Australia.  Published in the Australian and New Zealand Journal of Medicine, August 1987.

4. S Johnston, A Pitt, S Anderson, R Harper, P Yan, C Garth
   Early and six monthly assessment of angiographic and symptomatic changes after successful transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA)
   The Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand 35th Annual Scientific Meeting, August 2-5 1987, Melbourne, Australia.  Published in the Australian and New Zealand Journal of Medicine, August 1987.

5. BL Chia, P Yan, M Choo
   Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and bilateral coronary artery left ventricular fistula.
   CHEST (Accepted for publication and in press).

6. BL Chia, P Yan, B Ee, M Choo, CN Lee
   Doppler colour flow mapping abnormalities in dissecting aneurysm.
   American Heart Jouranl (Accepted for publication and in press).

7. BL Chia, P Yan, B Ee, M Choo, CN Lee
   Right-sided infective endocarditis – A Singapore experience
   American Heart Journal, 1988; 116: 568-571.

8. P Yan, BL Chia, A Tan, M Choo
   Echocardiographic abnormalities in the Lutembacher syndrome.
   American Heart Journal, 1988; 116: 1361-1362.

9. P Yan, BL Chia, M Choo
   Bradycardia dependent left posterior hemiblock in acute myocardial infarction.
   Asean Journal of Clinical Sciences, 1988; Vol 8 No. 3: 81-83.

10. M Choo, M Tay, JK Yeoh, BL Chia, P Yan
    Efficacy of the Doppler “zero-time” method for non-invasive measurement of mitral valve area in patients with atrial fibrillation.
    CHEST (to be submitted for publication).

11. BL Chia, P Yan, M Tay, M Choo
    Flecainide acetate (Tambocor) in the treatment of ventricular arrhythmias.
    Asean Journal of Clinical Sciences, 1988; Vol 8 No. 4: 99-106.

12. M Choo, TC Aw, BL Chia, E Koay, P Yan, K Kon
    Lipoprotein profiles in patients undergoing coronary arteriography.
    Atherosclerosis (to be submitted for publication).

13. M Choo, BL Chia, WY Tan, P Yan, K Ngerng, M Tay
    Use of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring for classifying patients with borderline hypertension.
    Hypertension (to be submitted for publication).

14. Doppler colour flow mapping in ruptured aortic sinus of Valsalva aneurysm.
    Americal Heart Journal, 1988; 115: 686-688.

15. P Yan, M Choo, BL Chia, CN Lee, L Tan
    Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) – A report on the first 24 patients at the National University Hospital.
    1st Joint Meeting of the Singapore Cardiac Society and the Heart Association of Thailand, 18-21 February 1988.

16. P Yan
    The role of thrombolytic therapy in acute myocardial infarction – current status and the Singapore experience.
    1st Joint Meeting of the Singapore Cardiac Society and the Heart Association of Thailand, 18-21 February 1988.

17. JK Yeoh, P Yan, CS Soo, YT Lim, HH Choo
    Mitral stenosis and free floating left atrial thrombus: Demonstration of the ‘hole-in-one’ effect by colour doppler.
    Accepted for publication in Americal Heart Journal.

18. Hyo-Soo Kim, Yangfeng Wu, Shing-Jong Lin, Chaicharn Deerochanawong, Robaayah Zambahari, Liancheng Zhao, Qiaoyi Zhang, P Yan
    Current status of cholesterol goal attainment after statin therapy among patients with hypercholesterolemia in Asian countries and region: the Return on Expenditure Achieved for Lipid Therapy in Asia (REALITY-Asia) study.
    Current Medical Research And Opinion; Vol. 24, No. 7, 2008, 1951–1963

Referred Journals – Local/Regional

1. JS Cheah, AC Thai, E Jacob, KF Lui, P Yan, PPB Yeo
   Comparison of the oral glucose tolerance test in adults using 50 gm glucose load.
   Singapore Medical Journal 1982 (Singapore), Vol 23: 247-251.

2. P Yan, JS Cheah, AC Thai, PPB Yeo
   Diabetic ketoacidosis – A Review
   Annals Academy of Medicine, October 1983 (Singapore), Vol 12 No. 4: 596-605

3. BL Chia, P Yan
   Coronary Artery Disease in the Elderly.
   Annals Academy of Medicine, January 1987, Vol 16 No. 1: 78-83.

4. P Yan, M Choo
   CPR in Singapore – in decade of experience (to be submitted for publication).

5. P Yan, M Choo
   Experience with the use of a semi-automatic external defibrillator (Heartstart 2000)
   (to be submitted for publication).

6. P Yan, M Choo
   Mass CPR training in Singapore (to be submitted for publication).

7. P Yan, M Choo
   Life support training in Singapore – Future prospect.  Symposium on “Basic and Advanced Life Support”, Singapore Cardiac Society, 30 August 1987.

8. P Yan, M Choo
   The role of new defibrillators in Singapore.  Workshop on emergency medical technician – defibrillation, Singapore Cardiac Society, 1 September 1987.

9. P Yan, M Choo, BL Chia, CN Lee, M Woo, WK Boey, L Tan
   Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (PTCA) – Early experience at the National University Hospital (NUH).
   1st Annual Scientific Meeting, Singapore Cardiac Soceity, 20 March 1988.

10. JK Yeoh, M Choo, M Tay, P Yan, BL Chia
    Doppler zero time measurement of mitral valve area – an accurate and more rapid method?  1st Annual Scientific Meeting, Singapore Cardiac Society, 20 March 1988.

11. K Kon, M Choo, C Chan, P Yan, BL Chia, L Tan
    Validation of automatically computed segmental wall motion analysis by digital subtraction angiography.  1st Annual Scientific Meeting, Singapore Cardiac Society, 20 March 1988.

12. WY Tan, M Choo, M Tay, K Ngerng, BL Chia, P Yan, CN Lee
    24 hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in subjects with mildly elevated blood pressure.  1st Annual Scientific Meeting, Singapore Cardiac Society, 20 March 1988.

Invitation to submit articles:

13. P Yan
    New techniques for acute coronary intervention.  Singapore Medical Journal.

14. P Yan
    Mass CPR in Singapore.  Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore (to be published January 1992 issue).

Conference Papers

1. P Yan, PPB Yeo, KW Wang, AC Thai, JS Cheah, BY Tan, P Lim
   Home blood glucose monitoring: patient’s choice of methods.
   Silver Jubliee Meeting, 16th Singapore-Malaysia Congress of Medicine, July 1982.

2. P Yan, JS Cheah, AC Thai, E Jacob, KF Lui, PPB Yeo
   Comparison of oral glucose tolerance tests in adults using 50 gm and 70 gm glucose leads.
   Silver Jubliee Meeting, 16th Singapore-Malaysia Congress of Medicine, July 1982.

3. PPB Yeo, P Yan, KW Wang, AC Thai, YK Kueh, L Chan, E Jacob, BY Tan
   Home blood glucose monitoring and diabetic complications.
   Silver Jubliee Meeting, 16th Singapore-Malaysia Congress of Medicine, July 1982.

4. P Yan, B Ee
   Sick sinus syndrome in rheumatic valvular heart disease.
   VIII Asian-Pacific Congress of Cardiology, Taiwan, 1983.

5. B E, P Yan
   Prinzmetal angina in thyrotoxicosis.
   VIII Asian-Pacific Congress of Cardiology, Taiwan, 1983.

6. A Broughton, RW Harper, P Yan, A Hains, A Pitt
   Ventricular tachycardia in the absence of structural heart disease: Two distinct clinical entities.
   33rd Annual Scientific Meeting, The Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand, May 1985.

7. RW Harper, A Broughton, P Yan, A Hains, A Pitt
   Exercise induced supraventricular tachycardia – clinical and electrophysiology correlates.
   33rd Annual Scientific Meeting, The Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand, May 1985.

Papers presented at the Third Asian-Pacific Symposium on Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology, Australia, October 1985

8. P Yan, ST Anderson, P Currie, J Federman, A Pitt, RW Harper
   Pseudofracture of polyurethane unipolar electrodes – 3 year follow-up.

9. P Yan, RW Harper, A Broughton, ST Anderson and A Pitt
   Incessant ventricular tachycardia and complete heart block treated with dual chamber demand pacing and programmable automatic scanning arrhythmia reversion (PASAR) pacemaker.

10. P Yan, A Broughton, RW Harper, A Hains, A Pitt
    Arrhythmia aggravated and anteroseptal myocardial infarction following attempted electrical ablation of posterior fascicular ventricular tachycardia.

11. P Yan, A Broughton, RW Harper, J Federman, A Pitt
    Ventricular tachycardia without structural heart disease: Two sites of origin.

12. P Bergin, A Broughton, P Yan, RW Harper, A Pitt
    The oesophageal lead in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.

Papers presented at the 34th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Cardiac Society Australia and New Zealand, April 1985

13. P Yan, A Pitt, RW Harper, S Anderson, S Johnston
    Early angiographic changes after PTCA.

14. A Broughton, RW Harper, A Young, P Yan, P Weissberg, A Pitt
    Ventricular tachycardia induction: The value of varying the stimulation current.

15. P Yan, A Broughton, R Harper, A Pitt
    Diagnosis and treatment of cardiac arrhythmias utilising the oesophageal lead.

Papers presented at 20th Singapore-Malaysia Congress of Medicine, 31 July – 3 August 1986, Singapore

16. P Yan, A Pitt, R Harper, S Anderson, S Johnston
    Early selective coronary angiography after primary successful PTCA – Its role and significance.

17. P Yan, A Broughton, R Harper, A Pitt, B Bergin
    Oesophageal Electrocardiography and pacing- Its role in diagnosis and treatment of cardiac arrhythmia.

Papers presented at the 35th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Cardiac Society and New Zealand, 2 – 5 August 1987

18. P Yan, BL Chia, M Choo, B Ee
    Right-sided infective endocarditis – A Singapore experience.

Papers presented at the 2nd Annual Scientific Meeting of the Singapore Cardiac Society, 12 March 1987

19. Complex coronary angioplasty – Early experience at the National University Hospital.
    P Yan, M Choo, BL Chia, CN Lee, K Kon

20. Cardiac exercise stress testing – Current status
    P Yan

21. Acute effect of nitroglycerin on aortic pressure characteristics – Implication for myocardial work and perfusion
    M Choo, JK Yeoh, K Kon, P Yan, BL Chia

22. Intra-atrial smoke like echoes and thrombi formation.
    CS Soo, BL Chia, M Choo, P Yan, B Ee, M Tay

Paper presented at the 1st Regional Symposium and Workshop on Cardiac Critical Care Nursing, 2 – 5 March 1989

23. Latest interventional therapy in acute myocardial infarction – Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in acute myocardial infarction
    P Yan

Paper presented at the 22nd Singapore-Malaysia Congress of Medicine in Singapore, August 1988

24. Flecainide Acetate (Tambocor) in the treatment of ventricular arrhythmias.
    BL Chia, P Yan, M Tay, M Choo

Paper presented at the 23rd Malaysia-Singapore Congress of Medicine in Kuala Lumpur, Academy of Medicine, Malaysia, 5 – 8 October 1989

25. Complex coronary angioplasty – The early experience in NUH
    P Yan, M Choo, BL Chia, JK Yeoh, K Kon

Paper presented at the Symposium on Nutrition and Our Changing Lifestyle, Singapore Dietition Association, 4 November 1989

26. Nutrition in preventive and therapeutic medicine – Strenthening the bonds between health professional. Therpeutic nutrition in Hospital care
    P Yan

Paper presented at the 10th Annual Scientific Meeting, Chapters of Physicians, Academy of Medicine, Singapore, 23 – 24 September 1989

27. Interventional medicine – Coronary artery disease
    P Yan

Paper presented at the 5th Congress of ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societyes (AFES), Singapore, 30 November – 3 December 1989

28. Relationship of coronary stenoses to serum lipoproteins.
    M Choo, E Koay, TC Aw, P Yan, BL Chia, K Kon, CTH Yeoh

Papers presented at the 3rd Annual Scientific Meeting of the Singapore Cardiac Society in Singapore, 11 March 1990

29. Early experience with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) in acute myocardial infarction- Clinical and angiographic outcome.
    P Yan, BL Chia, M Choo, JK Yeoh, CS Soo, YT Lim, M Lim

30. Right-sided chest electrocardiograms in pulmonary embolism.
    CS Soo, JK Yeoh, BL Chia, P Yan, M Choo

31. Thrombolytic therapy in acute myocardial infarction.
    P Yan

Papers presented at the 8th ASEAN Congress of Cardiology Singapore, 7 – 11 December 1990

32. Thrombolytic therapy in acute myocardial infarction – Indications and choice of thrombolytic agents.
    P Yan

33. Comparative costs of hospitalisation, procedure and 1-year follow-up in patients undergoing myocardial revascularisation with percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) and coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) – A Singapore experience.
    P Yan, M Lim, CN Lee, M Choo, BL Chia

34. Clinical and angiographic outcome of thrombolytic therapy with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator in acute myocardial infarction at the National University Hospital – A pilot trial.
    P Yan, BL Chia, M Choo, JK Yeoh, CS Soo, YT Lim, M Lim

35. Initial experience with peripheral and coronary atherectomy.
    MH Choo, PCH Yan, LKA Tan, MCL Lim, CN Lee, M Wholey

36. Haemodynamic performance of the Carbomedics bileaflet heart valve prosthesis in the mitral position assessed by two-dimensional Doppler echocardiograhy – Initial results.
    CA Mestres, CS Soo, M Tay, OA Adebo, P Yan, MH Choo, CN Lee

37. Transtelephonic electrocardiographic diagnosis of vasospastic ventricular tachycardia.
    MCL Lim, P Yan

38. Incidence and predictors of atrial fibrillation in thyrotoxicosis.
    MCL Lim, M Choo, P Yan

Paper presented at the Post-Congress Workshop on “Life Demonstration & Teaching Course on PTCA & Valvuloplasty”, Singapore, 12- 14 December 1990

39. A survey of PTCA equipments – 1990s.
    P Yan.

Papers presented at the 3rd Asian Pacific Symposium on Cardiac Rehabilitation, Singapore, 15 – 17 March 1991

40. Cost effectiveness of PTCA vs CABG vs Medical Therapy.
    P Yan

41. Mass CPR in Singapore.
    P Yan

42. Atherosclerosis connection – Epidemiology report in hypercholesterolemia from Singapore.
    P Yan

43. Family, women, hormone and heart disease.
    P Yan

Papers presented at the 4th Annual Scientific Session of the Singapore Cardiac Society, Singapore, 31 March 1991

44. The current status of coronary artery stenting, atherectomy and laser angioplasty – Is there a place for such devices?
    P Yan

45. Coronary atherectomy – Initial report on the use of the transluminal extraction catheter (TEC) in Singapore.
    P Yan

46. Performance characteristics of the Carbomedics bileaflet mitral and aortic valve prostheses.
    CS Soo, CA Mestres, M Tay, P Yan, MH Choo, CN Lee, OA Adebo

Paper presented at the European Society of Cardiology Annual Scientific Meeting, Vienna, Austria, 01 to 05 September 2007

47. Lipid Management in Diabetic Patients in Asian Clinical Practice and Attainment of Alternate ATP-III.
    R. Zambahari1, HS. Kim, C. Deerochanawong, Y. Wu, SJ. Lin, L. Zhao, Q. Zhang, P. Yan

Books and Others

1. Cholesterol and your heart, 1988
   Publisher – Singapore National Heart Assocation

2. Co-Editor of “Coronary Artery Disease: The Singapore Perspective” (publication January 2000)

3. Editor-in-Chief of Course book for the 11^th Live Demonstration Course in Cardiovascular
   Intervention, 21 -31 January 2002

Invited Lectures/Talks – 1987/1988

1. Lecture/Demonstration of 2nd Singapore Mass CPR Training. Marina Mandarin Hotel, 29 November 1987,
   National Heart Week, Singapore National Heart Association.

2. Lecture in 1987 Course in Advanced Medicine 6.4.87 – 28.5.87.
   Topic : Current status of surgery in coronary artery disease.

3. Symposium on “Current Trends in the Treatment of Hypertension”. 25 January 1987.
   Topic : Dilemma of mild hypertension and the elderly hypertensive patient.

4. Symposium on Current Trends in the Management of Ventricular Arrhythmias – Singapore Cardiac Society, 12 April 1987.
   Topic : Dilemma in sudden death – Current problems and future prospects.

5. Symposium on “An Approach to Hyperlipidemia and Coronary Artery Disease”.
   Topic : Drug therapy in hyperlipidemia.

6. Lecture to Medical Student (Occupational Medicine Course 1987-88).
   Topic  : Basic of clinical medical examination – cardiovascular system.

7. Pharmacist Continuing Education Programme NUH, 30 May 1988.
   Topic : Hyperlipidemia – Review.

8. Critical Care Nursing Course NUH.
   Topics :

   • Invasive and non-invasive cardiac investigations – 28 August 1987
   • Cardiogenic shock – 24 October 1987
   • ECG in AMI – 24 October 1987.

9. Elsevier in-house lecture on hypertension – Current problems and management, 15 January 1988.

10. Lecture on “Risk Factors associated with High Blood Pressure and Heart Attack” on Wednesday, 20 April 1988. Mobil Oil Singapore Pte Ltd.

11. Seminar on Hypertension, Ipoh, 19 June 1988. Subject of lecture – “Hypertension and the Quality of Life”.

12. Seminar on Hyperlipidemia, Singapore, 25 June 1988. Subejct of lecture – “Major Interventional Studies in Hyperlipidemia”.

13. Clinical meeting in Brunei from 15 to 16 October 1988. Keynote speaker on anti-hypertenstive therapy and the quality of life at Suri Seri Begawan Hospital, Kuala Belait on 15 October 1988 and Raja Isteri Pengiran Anak Saleha Hospital, Bandar Seri Begawan on 16 October 1988.

14. Talk to Rotary Club of Singapore – “Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Training”, 30 November 1988.

15. Lecture on “The Role of Calcium Antagonists in Cardiovascular Diseases” for the Combined Continuing Medical Education Committee of the American Hospital of Singapore and AMI Medical Centre Specialists’ Association on 10 November 1988.

16. Lecture on “Current Trends in the Management of Hyperlipidemia”, The MSD Cardiovascular Faculty Meeting on 4 December 1988.

17. Chairman, 88 Workshop on Color Flow Mapping from 9 to 10 April 1988.

18. Public lecture on “What is Cholesterol?” on 10 December 1988 in conjunction with the National Heart Week 1988.

19. Chairman of the Medical Symposium “Update on Cholesterol” on 11 December 1988 in conjuction with the National Heart Week 1988.

20. Panel discussion on “Cholesterol Education Programme” on 15 December 1988 in conjunction with the National Heart Week 1988.

21. Chairman, Symposium on Coronary Heart Disease, Silent Ischaemia and Rehabilitation of Patients with Ventricular Impairment, 20 October 1988.

22. Lecture on Ischaemic Heart Disease – The Management of Ischaemic Heart Disease. The National Heart Association, The Malaysian Medical Association (Peark Branch) and the Perak Medical Practitoners’ Soceity, 22 January 1989.

23. Lecture on the Evaluation and Significance of Hyperlipidemia, Malaysian Medical Association (Johor Branch), 30 October 1988.

24. Lecture on the Management of Hyperlipidemia – Current Status, Singapore Pharmaceutical Society Continuing Medical Education, 21 February 1988.

25. Lecture on the facts about cholesterol – Johor Rotary Club (Tanjong Putri), 6 March 1989.

26. Postgraduate School of Medical Studies – Cardiology lectures for M Med (Int Medicine), April – June 1989.

    Topics :

    • Current treatment of hyperlipidemia
    • An approach to chest pain
    • Seminar on acute myocardial infarction – Interventional measures in acute MI
    • Clinical demonstrations in cardiology
    • Haemodynamics monitoring and recent advances in treatment of coronary artery disease.

27. Lectures to third year medical students – 1988 to 1989.
    Topics :

    • Rheumatic fever
    • Rheumatic valvular heart disease
    • Infective endocarditis
    • Therapeutics in cardiac failure.

28. Clinical tutor for elementary clinics students (April to June 1989); third year medical students (1988 to 1989).

29. Clinical teaching coordinator for medical students attached to Toa Payoh Hospital, July 1989.

30. Singapore Cardiac Society – Lecture on drug treatment of ischaemic heart disease on 21 May 1989 at Hotel Equatorial, Singapore.